Agha Khan University in Karachi, Pakistan, hosted a three-day seminar called "Vaccine Development, Production and Utilization in Developing Countries" last week, with speakers hoping especially to find ways to increase the sustainability of vaccines. The Expanded Program on Immunization's Dr. Rehan Hafiz said that funding for vaccine projects is perilous, and local groups should seek multiyear allocations for vaccine funding and guaranteed production. Currently, vaccine production in developing countries usually depends on joint ventures with multinational drug firms, which are increasingly dropping their vaccine programs or are choosing to work with higher-margin, newer vaccines, resulting in shortages of standard immunization products.